cpu_conf_common.h File Reference

Common CPU definitione for Cortex-M family based MCUs. More...

Detailed Description

Common CPU definitione for Cortex-M family based MCUs.

Author

Kaspar Schleiser kaspa.nosp@m.r@sc.nosp@m.hleis.nosp@m.er.d.nosp@m.e

Definition in file cpu_conf_common.h.

Go to the source code of this file.

Macros
#define	PUF_SRAM_ATTRIBUTES   __attribute__((used, section(".puf")))
	Attribute for memory sections required by SRAM PUF.
#define	BACKUP_RAM   __attribute__((section(".backup.bss")))
	Memory marked with this attribute is retained during deep sleep and initialized with 0 on cold boot.
#define	BACKUP_RAM_DATA   __attribute__((section(".backup.data")))
	Memory marked with this attribute is retained during deep sleep and initialized with user provided data on cold boot.
#define	IRQ_API_INLINED   (1)
	This arch uses the inlined irq API.
#define	THREAD_EXTRA_STACKSIZE_PRINTF   (512)
	Configuration of default stack sizes. More...
#define	THREAD_STACKSIZE_DEFAULT   (1024)
#define	THREAD_STACKSIZE_IDLE   (256)
#define	ISR_STACKSIZE   (512U)
	Stack size used for the exception (ISR) stack.
#define	BITARITHM_LSB_LOOKUP
	Select fastest bitarithm_lsb implementation.

ARM Cortex-M interrupt sub-priorities and PendSV priority
#define	CPU_CORTEXM_PRIORITY_GROUPING   (0)
	Enable Cortex-M sub-priorities, with the given number of bits. More...
#define	CPU_CORTEXM_PENDSV_IRQ_PRIO   (UINT8_MAX)
	Define a separate priority for the PendSV interrupt. More...

Macro Definition Documentation

CPU_CORTEXM_PENDSV_IRQ_PRIO

#define CPU_CORTEXM_PENDSV_IRQ_PRIO   (UINT8_MAX)

Define a separate priority for the PendSV interrupt.

According to the ARM Cortex-M documentation, the recommended best practice is to place the PendSV at the lowest interrupt priority. By default, RIOT runs PendSV on the same interrupt priority with all other interrupts.

For efficiency (or other reasons), one may want to run the PendSV as the last one, just before returning to the (next) thread. However, since PendSV triggers the RIOT scheduler without interrupts being disabled, any interrupts that preempt the scheduler, including the timer interrupts, must not call anything that may affect the scheduler, such as mutex or scheduler functions. With the current design of RIOT, writing interrupt handlers in such a manner is not exactly trivial.

An experimental way to to run PendSV as the last thing before returning to the user thread context is to enable Cortex-M sub-priorities with CPU_CORTEXM_PRIORITY_GROUPING and then make the PendSV interrupt sub-priority lower than the default. (Remember, on Cortex-M lower urgency means higher priority number.)

For now, by default, we preserve the traditional RIOT behaviour, but allow specific CPUs, boards, or apps to change this.

See cpu/cortexm_common/cortexm_init.c how these are used.

If you want to set this, define it in your cpu_conf.h.

Definition at line 145 of file cpu_conf_common.h.

CPU_CORTEXM_PRIORITY_GROUPING

#define CPU_CORTEXM_PRIORITY_GROUPING   (0)

Enable Cortex-M sub-priorities, with the given number of bits.

Cortex-M CPUs allow interrupt priorities to be arranged in subgroups, meaning that any interrupts on the same subgroup will not preempt each other, but those on a lower sub-priority will run only once all on the higher sub-priorities have been completed.

The usual practice on Cortex-M is to run the PendSV interrupt as the last one, just before returning to the user context, running the scheduler from PendSV. However, in RIOT we don't want the scheduler to be interrupted by any "normal" interrupts, which may change the mutexes or something else that would affect the scheduler. At the same time, we don't want to explicitly disable all interrupts while in the scheduler, as that would increase scheduling latency.

A currently experimental way to make PendSV on Cortex-M to run last is to

• make sure CPU_DEFAULT_IRQ_PRIO is even (e.g. 6U),
• set CPU_CORTEXM_PENDSV_IRQ_PRIO to one higher, and
• set this one

For example, as follows:

# define CPU_CORTEXM_PRIORITY_GROUPING (1U)
# define CPU_CORTEXM_PENDSV_IRQ_PRIO   (CPU_DEFAULT_IRQ_PRIO + 1U)

See cpu/cortexm_common/cortexm_init.c how these are used.

If you want to set this, define it in your cpu_conf.h.

Definition at line 111 of file cpu_conf_common.h.

THREAD_EXTRA_STACKSIZE_PRINTF

#define THREAD_EXTRA_STACKSIZE_PRINTF   (512)

Configuration of default stack sizes.

As all members of the Cortex-M family behave identical in terms of stack usage, we define the default stack size values here centrally for all CPU implementations.

If needed, you can overwrite these values the the cpu_conf.h file of the specific CPU implementation.

Todo:

Adjust values for Cortex-M4F with FPU?

Configure second set if no newlib nano.specs are available?

Definition at line 41 of file cpu_conf_common.h.