A Lightweight duty-cycling 802.15.4 MAC protocol. More...

Detailed Description

A Lightweight duty-cycling 802.15.4 MAC protocol.

LWMAC implementation

Radio duty cycling

LWMAC adopts the radio duty-cycle scheme to conserve power. Namely, in each cycle period (MAC superframe), a node device wakes up for a short period of time (called listen period or wake-up period) for receiving possible incoming packets from other devices. Outside the listen period, the node device turns off its radio to conserve power.

Phase-lock scheme

LWMAC adopts the phase-lock scheme to further reduce power consumption. Each node device in LWMAC will try to record/track its Tx-neighbor's wake-up phase. This is called phase-lock. After phase-locking, the sender node will (likely) spend less preamble packets (also called WR packet, i.e., wake-up-request, in LWMAC) for initiating a hand-shaking procedure for transmitting a data packet, compared to the first time it talks to the receiver.

Burst transmission

LWMAC adopts pending-bit technique to enhance its throughput. Namely, in case of having multi packets for the receiver, a sender uses the pending-bit flag embedded in the MAC header to instruct this situation, and the buffered packets will be transmitted in a continuous sequence, back to back, to the receiver in one shot.

Auto wake-up extension

LWMAC adopts auto wake-up extension scheme based on timeout (like T-MAC). In short, when a packet is successfully received at the receiver side, the receiver will reset the wake-up timeout to extend its wake-up period for receiving more potential incoming packets. This is to be compatible with the pending-bit technique to allow the receiver to absorb more packets when needed, thus boosts the throughput.

Simple retransmission scheme

LWMAC adopts a simple retransmission scheme to enhance link reliability. The data packet will only be dropped in case the retransmission counter gets larger than CONFIG_GNRC_LWMAC_MAX_DATA_TX_RETRIES.

Automatic phase backoff scheme

LWMAC adopts an automatic phase backoff scheme to reduce WR (preamble) collision probability. In multi-hop scenarios, let's say, nodes A <—B <-—C (which is common in multi-hop data collection networks), in which B has packets for A, and C has packets for B. In case A and B's wake-up phases are too close (overlapping). Then, especially in high traffic conditions, B and C may initiate transmissions at the same time (B sends to A, and C sends to B), a link of either will be definitely interfered, leading to collisions and link throughput reduction. To this end, by using the automatic phase backoff scheme, if a sender finds its receiver's phase is too close to its own phase, it will run a backoff scheme to randomly reselect a new wake-up phase for itself.

Modules

 GNRC LWMAC compile configurations
 

Files

file  hdr.h
 Header definition LWMAC.
 
file  lwmac.h
 Interface definition for the LWMAC protocol.
 
file  timeout.h
 Timeout handling of LWMAC.
 
file  types.h
 Definition of internal types used by LWMAC.
 
file  lwmac_internal.h
 Interface definition for internal functions of LWMAC protocol.
 
file  rx_state_machine.h
 Implementation of RX state machine.
 
file  tx_state_machine.h
 Implementation of TX state machine.
 

Macros

#define CONFIG_GNRC_LWMAC_RADIO_REINIT_THRESHOLD   (10U)
 Maximum preamble attempts before re-initialize radio in LWMAC. More...
 

Functions

int gnrc_netif_lwmac_create (gnrc_netif_t *netif, char *stack, int stacksize, char priority, char *name, netdev_t *dev)
 Creates an IEEE 802.15.4 LWMAC network interface. More...
 

Macro Definition Documentation

◆ CONFIG_GNRC_LWMAC_RADIO_REINIT_THRESHOLD

#define CONFIG_GNRC_LWMAC_RADIO_REINIT_THRESHOLD   (10U)

Maximum preamble attempts before re-initialize radio in LWMAC.

After a long period of run time, a radio may be in wrong condition which needs to be re-calibrated. This is indicated by having a series of continuous preamble failure (no WA) in LWMAC. In case we have CONFIG_GNRC_LWMAC_RADIO_REINIT_THRESHOLD number of preamble failure, then we re-initialize the radio, trying to re-calibrate the radio for bringing it back to normal condition.

Definition at line 329 of file lwmac.h.

Function Documentation

◆ gnrc_netif_lwmac_create()

int gnrc_netif_lwmac_create ( gnrc_netif_t netif,
char *  stack,
int  stacksize,
char  priority,
char *  name,
netdev_t dev 
)

Creates an IEEE 802.15.4 LWMAC network interface.

Parameters
[out]netifThe interface. May not be NULL.
[in]stackThe stack for the LWMAC network interface's thread.
[in]stacksizeSize of stack.
[in]priorityPriority for the LWMAC network interface's thread.
[in]nameName for the LWMAC network interface. May be NULL.
[in]devDevice for the interface
See also
gnrc_netif_create()
Returns
0 on success
negative number on error